Contrary to its name, the Australian tree fern (Cyathea cooperi, also known as Sphaeropteris cooperi) is actually more tree than fern. Typically, when we think of ferns, we envision plants such as the painted ferns (Athyrium niponicum) or autumn ferns (Dryopteris erythrosora) , which achieve a mature height of about 18 to 24 inches.
But, in its native habitat of Australia, a tree fern can grow up to 50 feet tall. This tropical plant is easily too tall for most indoor growing situations except for large conservatories and greenhouses. Still, if your space and environment allow, it can be a beautiful addition to your landscape.
Characterized by lacy, feathery fronds that grow from 10 to 20 feet in length and a hair-like, scale-covered trunk, the fast-growing, evergreen Australian tree fern can bring an exotic touch to any garden. Its best planted in the early spring and prefers warm temperatures and partial shade year-round.
Australian tree ferns are a unique and exotic addition to any indoor or outdoor space. With their tall, treelike trunks covered in scales or hairs and arching, graceful fronds, they create a tropical jungle feel. I did some research into the different varieties and care tips to help you choose the perfect Australian tree fern.
There are two main groups of Australian tree ferns – the scaly or rough tree ferns (Cyathea genus) and the soft tree ferns (Dicksonia genus). Within these groups some of the most popular types include
Scaly Tree Ferns
Lacy Tree Fern (Cyathea cooperi)
This is the most common indoor variety. It has fuzzy, hairy fronds called “crosiers” that resemble a bishop’s staff. They can reach up to 20 feet tall indoors. The trunk is covered in brown, woody scales.
Scaly Tree Fern (Cyathea australis)
Native to eastern Australia, this fern has a slender trunk covered in dark scales. The fronds are a bright green and can reach 6 feet long. It’s faster growing than other tree ferns.
Black Tree Fern (Cyathea medullaris)
Native to New Zealand, this tree fern has very dark blackish scales on the trunk which contrasts beautifully with the bright green fronds. It’s a little slower growing and maxes out around 10 feet tall
Soft Tree Ferns
Tasmanian Tree Fern (Dicksonia antarctica)
This fern has a soft, furry brown trunk. It spreads out with arching fronds that can reach 6 feet long. Native to Tasmania, it’s extremely hardy and easy to grow.
Soft Tree Fern (Dicksonia squarrosa)
Another Tasmanian native, this tree fern has a soft, fuzzy trunk and bright green, stiff fronds. It’s a little more temperamental than other varieties but worth it for the tropical look.
Caring for Australian Tree Ferns
Now that you know the main types, let’s go over some care tips to keep your tree fern healthy and lush:
-
Light – These plants prefer bright, indirect light. Avoid direct hot sunlight, which can scorch the fronds.
-
Water – Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water 2-3 times a week.
-
Humidity – Mist the fronds daily or use a humidifier to maintain humidity around 60%.
-
Temperature – Keep daytime temperatures around 65-80°F and above 50°F at night.
-
Soil – Use a nutrient-rich, well-draining potting mix. Keep slightly acidic.
-
Fertilizer – Feed monthly with a balanced liquid fertilizer during spring and summer.
-
Pruning – Remove any dead or dying fronds to encourage new growth.
Growing Australian Tree Ferns
Australian tree ferns grow relatively fast, adding 1-2 feet of height each year. Here are some tips for getting your fern established:
-
Plant in early spring so the fern can take advantage of the warm growing season.
-
Give it plenty of room to spread out – up to 15 feet in diameter.
-
Provide a mossy stake or pole for young plants until the trunk firms up.
-
Use a granular, slow-release fern fertilizer at planting time.
-
Keep the soil evenly moist those first critical months while roots establish.
-
Shelter the fern from strong winds, which can damage the fronds.
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/australian-tree-fern-overview-1902715-11-3579809932e546ae8f6f88c81aa4ca0c.jpg)
Temperature and Humidity
Australian tree ferns like a consistently warm and humid environment with temperatures ranging from 65 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Australian tree ferns do not acclimate well to rapid changes in humidity or temperature, which can result in browning fronds. In colder areas, you can grow the fern in a container, which gives you the flexibility to move it indoors for the fall and winter once temperatures drop too low.
Soil
Australian tree ferns can tolerate a variety of soil conditions including sand, loam, and clay. That being said, they will thrive best in a moist, loamy mixture that is rich but well-draining with a neutral to acidic pH level. Its also recommended that you add a layer of mulch around the tree, which will add more nutrients to the soil and act as a barrier to seal in moisture (particularly during very hot weather).
How to Grow and Care for Australian Tree Fern
FAQ
What is the difference between Australian tree fern and Tasmanian tree fern?
What is the difference between Australian tree fern and Hawaiian tree fern?
What is the common name for the Australian tree fern?
|
Common Name
|
Australian tree fern, Cooper’s tree fern, lacy tree fern, scaly tree fern
|
|
Botanical Name
|
Cyathea cooperi
|
|
Family
|
Cyatheaceae
|
|
Plant Type
|
Evergreen fern
|
|
Mature Size
|
Typically 15–25 ft. tall, 10–12 ft. wide; up to 50 ft. tall in the wild
|
What is the difference between Dicksonia Antarctica and Cyathea cooperi?