Growing shallots from seed may seem intimidating but with the right information it can be easy and rewarding! Shallots are versatile bulbs that add great flavor to many dishes. While they are typically grown from sets, growing shallots from seed opens up many more varieties to try. This complete growing guide will walk you through everything you need to know to successfully grow shallots from seed.
Shallots are members of the Allium family which includes onions, garlic, leeks and more. Unlike onions, shallots grow in clusters with multiple bulbs fused together. The papery copper skin encloses mild and sweet tasting white flesh. Smaller than onions, a single shallot bulb is usually enough to flavor a dish.
While they can be used in any recipe calling for onions, shallots are prized for their ability to caramelize and break down into smooth sauces and velvety textures. The flavor is more delicate than onions which makes them perfect for dressing up salads, seafood, lean meats, sauces and more.
Why Grow Shallots from Seed?
Growing from seed offers a wider selection of shallot varieties to choose from than sets. It also allows you to grow specialty regional heirloom varieties not found in stores. Since shallots are biennial, plants grown from seed form bulbs the first year, then flower and set seed the second year. Saving your own seeds allows you to perpetuate your favorites from year to year.
While growing from sets is quicker and easier for beginning gardeners some benefits of starting from seed are
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Wider variety selection
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Regional and heirloom varieties
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Save seeds of favorites
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Earlier harvest than sets
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Avoid bulbs sprouting before planting
No matter which method you choose, growing your own shallots is preferable to store bought since you control quality and harvest timing. Now let’s get into the specifics of how to grow shallots from seed.
When to Plant Shallot Seeds
Since shallots form bulbs in response to day length, planting time is important. They require long summer daylight hours to properly bulb.
In northern regions, start shallot seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before your last expected spring frost. Transplant them outside 2-4 weeks before the frost once the soil can be worked.
In southern regions with mild winters, direct sow seeds in the garden in fall or early winter. Plant them 12-15 weeks before your first expected frost date.
If you’re unsure of your frost dates, you can lookup your local climate data online or contact your county extension office.
How to Start Shallot Seeds Indoors
To get a head start on the season, shallot seeds can be started indoors under grow lights or in a sunny window 6-8 weeks prior to outdoor planting. Here are some tips for starting shallot seeds indoors:
Choose Your Variety
Some good shallot seed varieties for beginners are:
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Ambition – traditional French gray shallot, long storing
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Golden Gourmet – mild tasting yellow shallot
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Matador – popular red shallot
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Picasso – unique looking French shallot, elongated bulbs
Start Seeds in Trays
Fill seed starting trays with a lightweight potting mix. Sow seeds 1⁄4 inch deep and 1⁄2 inch apart. Cover lightly with soil. Keep soil moist until seeds germinate in 10-14 days.
Grow On with Light
Once sprouted, move to a sunny window or under grow lights. Keep air temp around 60-70°F. Slowly increase light intensity and ease back on water as plants grow.
Harden Off & Transplant
A week before going outside, begin hardening off plants by setting them outdoors in partial shade for a few hours daily. Transplant outdoors once frost risk has passed.
How to Direct Sow Shallot Seeds Outdoors
In areas with mild winters, shallot seeds can be directly sown into the garden. Pick a planting time about 12-15 weeks before your first fall frost. Here are some tips for direct sowing shallot seeds:
Prepare the Soil
Choose a spot in full sun with well drained fertile soil. Loosen the soil and mix in 1-2 inches of compost. Create rows 12-18 inches apart. Rake soil to create a smooth seed bed.
Plant Seeds
Sow seeds 1⁄4-1⁄2 inches deep in rows 2 inches apart. Sow 1-2 seeds per inch of row. Gently cover seeds with soil and water soil after planting.
Care for Seedlings
Keep soil moist so seeds germinate in 10-14 days. Thin overcrowded seedlings to 2 inches apart in each row. Weed and water during growth.
Growing Shallots from Seed
Once shallot seeds or transplants are in the ground, there are some basic care principles to follow:
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Water regularly – about 1 inch per week
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Weed carefully without damaging shallow roots
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Side dress with balanced fertilizer
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Use row covers if pests are a problem
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Avoid wet foliage to prevent disease
Shallots prefer consistent moisture and will tolerate partial shade. However, they grow best with full sun. Fertile, well drained soil is ideal. Mulch around plants to retain moisture and reduce weeds.
When and How to Harvest Shallot Seeds
Here’s what to look for when your shallot seed crop is ready to pick:
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Tops start yellowing and fall over
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Necks begin to soften
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About 100-120 days after planting
When the tops are 3⁄4 brown, gently lift bulbs with a garden fork. Lay them on screens or newspaper to cure for 2-3 weeks in a warm, dry spot out of direct sun. Once cured, cut tops to 1-2 inches above the bulb. Store bulbs in mesh bags or bins in a cool, dry location. They will keep for 6-8 months.
Tips for Success Growing Shallots from Seed
Here are some handy tips to help ensure success:
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Choose long day shallot varieties if gardening in the north
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Allow 12-15 weeks from seed to harvest
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Start seeds indoors for earlier maturity
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Direct sow in the south or mild winter areas
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Plant in full sun with fertile, well drained soil
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Weed carefully without damaging shallow roots
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Maintain consistent soil moisture for best growth
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Harvest bulbs promptly once tops start yellowing
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Cure and store bulbs properly for longest shelf life
Follow these tips and you’ll be growing plenty of delicious shallots from your own saved seeds in no time! Let us know in the comments if you have any other shallot growing secrets to share.
Growing shallots from seed
FAQ
How long does it take for shallots to grow from seed?
Shallots are usually ready for harvesting approximately 100-120 days after planting. As with onions, shallots signal they are ready to be dug up once their leafy tops turn brown and wither. Dig up the whole plant, and shake off excess soil. Then, place it in a dry, shady spot for a couple of weeks to cure.
How many shallots will grow from one bulb?
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Shallots vs. Onions:Unlike onions which typically produce only one bulb per planted set, shallots are known for their ability to divide and produce multiple bulbs from a single planted set.
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Factors Affecting Yield:
- Spacing: Wider spacing encourages larger, fewer bulbs, while closer spacing can result in smaller, more numerous bulbs.
- Variety: Some shallot varieties are naturally more productive than others.
- Growing Conditions: Rich, well-drained soil, and appropriate sun exposure are crucial for optimal shallot production.
- Climate: Shallots, like onions, are day-length sensitive, and may not thrive in certain climates.
- Spacing: Wider spacing encourages larger, fewer bulbs, while closer spacing can result in smaller, more numerous bulbs.
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Growing from Seed vs. Sets:While most gardeners grow shallots from sets (immature bulbs), it’s also possible to grow them from seed. Shallots grown from seed may only produce one bulb per seed planted.
Are shallots easy to grow?
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Similar to Onions:Shallots are closely related to onions, so their growing needs are very similar.
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Easy Starting:You can start shallots from seed, but many gardeners find it easier to start with shallot “sets” (small shallots that you grow on).
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Low Maintenance:Once planted, shallots require minimal care, mainly focusing on keeping them watered during dry periods and weed-free.
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Good Flavor and Storage:Shallots are known for their milder, sweeter flavor than onions and are also good at storing.
Do shallots need cold stratification?
Shallot seeds do not require any treatment (eg soaking, stratification) before sowing.
When should I plant shallots?
If you live in a colder zone, consider planting shallots in the early spring for a summer harvest. Fall planting is ideal for a warm location. While it’s convenient to pick up shallots at the grocery store, there is nothing more satisfying than harvesting fresh veggies from the garden.
How do you grow shallots indoors?
Make a half-inch deep hole in each cell and put two seeds inside. The way to grow shallots indoors is to cover the shallot seeds with soil, spray them with water, and set them in a warm, sunny location. Continue to keep the seeds and soil moist until they germinate in ten to 14 days.
How many shallots can you grow in a house?
Shallots yield plant 4 to 6 shallots per household member. If you want to use shallots like green onions, sow seeds 2-3 inches apart and harvest the green tops as needed. Sowing depth: Sow seed ½ inch (1.2 cm); plant sets so that the pointed tip barely shows above the soil, not more than 1 inch deep.