Annual morning glory (Ipomoea spp.) is a quick-growing flowering vine that thrives in warm sunny spots. Their large flowers open in the morning to the delight of the early bird gardener. But just mentioning the name “morning glory” can cause concern among some. If you’ve lived in warmer areas of the United States, you might know annual morning glory as a nuisance weed. And the hard-to-manage weeds called bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium) share the common name of “morning glory,” but are very different plants.
One of the most noticeable differences between bindweed and annual morning glory is their growth habits. Both are vines with trumpet-shaped flowers but behave very differently in the garden. Bindweeds are perennial and spread through underground roots (up to 9 feet deep!). It can grow in a variety of soil types and is often found in fields, gardens and along roadsides. Bindweed plants tend to grow along the ground or in low-lying plants like vegetables, grass, herbs, and shrubs. Bindweed can be incredibly difficult to manage.
Here in Oregon, annual morning glory plants won’t survive a frost, and vine growth is limited by the shorter growing season. Annual morning glory grows from seed and the plants may self-sow. This means that seeds produced by the previous year’s plant will sprout and regrow in the same place. The seeds can survive in the soil for several decades so may show up in the same area for years. Luckily, unwanted seedlings are easy to control by hand-pulling.
The leaves and flowers of the two plants are also different. Bindweed leaves are arrow-shaped and smaller than the leaves of annual morning glory (see photo). Annual morning glory leaves are large and heart-shaped. Bindweed flowers are white or pink and about 1 inch across.
Annual morning glory flowers are larger (2-6 inches across depending on the cultivar). The flowers come in various colors, from blue to red and purple to pink and white. Annual morning glory blooms from early summer until the first frost.
The beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae) is a remarkable coastal plant known for its vibrant flowers and ability to thrive in sandy environments. Understanding the different stages of growth can provide valuable insights into caring for and appreciating this beautiful species. In this article, we will explore the key phases of the beach morning glory’s life cycle from seed to maturity.
An Overview of the Beach Morning Glory
The beach morning glory is a perennial vine native to tropical and subtropical regions near oceans and seas Its sprawling stems can reach over 30 feet in length, displaying lush, heart-shaped leaves The trumpet-shaped flowers come in shades of pink, purple, and white, blooming in the morning and closing by midday. The plant is well-adapted to shoreline conditions, tolerating salt spray, drought, high winds, and nutrient-poor soils. Its deep roots help stabilize dunes and its dense growth prevents erosion.
Germination Stage
The beach morning glory life cycle starts with seed germination. The seeds are dispersed by wind, water, and animals. They can remain dormant for months before sprouting when conditions are right. The seed coat softens with moisture and warmth, allowing the radicle and plumule to emerge. The first seed leaves or cotyledons supply early nutrients. They are typically red-tinged and heart-shaped. Proper planting depth, moisture, light, and temperature are vital for successful germination.
Vegetative Growth Stage
Once germinated, the plant enters its vegetative growth phase. This stage involves rapid production of stems, leaves, and roots as the morning glory establishes itself. Trailing stems spread out horizontally across the ground or climb up vertical supports. Leaves are fleshy and leathery with pointed tips. Branching increases the plant’s coverage. Ideal conditions like sunlight, water, and nutrients maximize vegetative expansion. Pruning helps maintain desired shape and fullness.
Flowering Stage
As the plant matures, the flowering stage begins. Clusters of showy, trumpet-shaped blooms open up each morning on the ends of stems. Flower colors include pink, purple, white, and bi-colored varieties. The flowers attract pollinators like bees, supporting seed formation. Each flower only lasts a day. Continual blooming occurs over an extended flowering period in spring through fall. Removing spent blooms promotes more flowers.
Seed Production Stage
Successfully pollinated flowers develop into seed pods containing multiple seeds. The pods eventually dry out and split open to disperse the seeds. Timing of seed collection is essential – too early and seeds may be immature, too late and pods may have already opened. Seeds should be dried and stored properly to maintain viability. The seeds complete the reproductive phase and pave the way for new generations.
Seed Dispersal Stage
After seeds are dispersed from the pods, they are transported by wind, water, and animals to new sites. The lightweight, buoyant seeds can travel long distances. Ocean currents and tides readily scatter seeds along shorelines. Coastal birds and seashore wildlife also spread seeds. Successful dispersal is key for propagation of the species.
Environmental Adaptations
The beach morning glory exhibits specialized adaptations that allow it to flourish in harsh coastal conditions. Its succulent leaves and stems store water to prevent desiccation. Extensive root systems stabilize loose beach sands. The vines’ low, spreading form resists damage from ocean winds. Waxy leaf cuticles and salt glands help limit the effects of salt exposure. Overall, the plant is resilient to the dynamic, demanding environment of the seashore.
Growing Conditions
When cultivating beach morning glories, mimic their natural settings. Provide full sun exposure and fast-draining, sandy soil. Allow ample room for growth and climbing structures for support. Fertilize lightly with a balanced organic or slow-release fertilizer. Water regularly without oversaturating the soil. Prune wayward stems to encourage bushy growth. Remove spent blooms for more prolific flowering. Protect plants from strong winds and salt spray if not grown seaside.
Propagation
Beach morning glories can be grown from seeds or stem cuttings. For seed propagation, scarify or soak seeds prior to planting to enhance germination. Take stem cuttings of 6-8 inches in length and remove the leaves from the lower half. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant in sand or potting mix, keeping the soil evenly moist until roots form. Transplant seedlings or rooted cuttings when they are several inches tall.
Common Pests and Diseases
Major pests include aphids, whiteflies, spider mites, and beetles. Diseases to monitor for are powdery mildew, downy mildew, leaf spot, root rot, and viruses. Maintaining optimal growing conditions and foliage drying is preventative. Remove infested growth promptly. Organic insecticidal soap, neem oil, and sulfur can help manage most problems if they arise.
Stages of Growth: A Recap
- Germination when the embryo emerges
- Vegetative establishment of shoots and roots
- Flowering and pollination to produce seeds
- Seed formation, ripening, and dispersal
- Environmental adaptations for survival along seashores
Understanding this remarkable plant’s life cycle and growth patterns allows for wise cultivation and appreciation of its beauty. With its vivid flowers, trailing vines, and remarkable resilience, the beach morning glory plant is a treasured addition to any seaside garden.
How to grow annual morning glory:
- Choose a site that receives full sun and has well-draining soil. Annual morning glory also grows well in containers.
- Make sure there is a trellis or fence for the plants to climb. Annual morning glory vines can grow up to 15 feet long depending on the cultivar.
- Annual morning glory is a heat-loving plant, so wait until the soil warms up to at least 60 F. Then, plant the seeds directly in the soil about ¼” deep. Keep the soil moist.
- Once past the seedling stage, the plants tolerate dry soil but appreciate irrigation during heat waves.
Cultivars of annual morning glory to try:
- Heavenly Blue (4- to 5-inch blue flowers)
- Scarlett O’Hara (4-inch red flowers)
- Flying Saucers (5- to 6-inch variegated blue and white flowers)
- Grandpa Ott’s (2- to 3-inch deep purple flowers with a red center)
- Zeeland Hybrid (mix of pink, purple, white, and variegated flowers)
Want to learn more about this topic? Explore more resources from OSU Extension:
A vine of field bindweed with arrow-shaped leaves compared to the large heart shape leaves of Annual Morning Glory. Credit: Brooke Edmunds, Oregon State University
Annual morning glory flowers come in various colors included variegated (multi-colored). Credit: Brooke Edmunds, Oregon State University
Annual Morning Glory is a vining plant and requires a fence or trellis to grow on. Credit: Brooke Edmunds, Oregon State University
Growing Morning Glory Plant Time Lapse – Seed To Flower (114 Days)
FAQ
What is the life cycle of a morning glory plant?
How long does it take for morning glories to grow?
Do morning glories like sun or shade?
How often should I water morning glory?
What does beach morning glory look like?
The flowers look similar to morning glory, hence the name beach morning glory, but the foliage is much different. It makes an excellent ground cover, with evergreen leaves and a quick-growing nature. What is beach morning glory? We’ll delve into that question together along with some fun beach morning glory info. What is Beach Morning Glory?
Where does beach morning glory grow?
Forming roots at the nodes, they provide a dense leafy cover. Native to the coastlines of tropical and subtropical areas across the globe, Beach Morning Glory occurs naturally on coastal dunes where it is an important sand stabilizer and colonizer after disturbances. Beach Morning Glory is excellent for beachfront homes and coastal landscapes.
How do beach morning glories grow?
Beach morning glories in gardens can perform as groundcovers. They are often seen tumbling in and over seawalls or along beach paths. Propagation is through seed or cuttings. Seeds do not need a dormant period but the seed coat must be scarified before germination, which occurs in every season but winter.
Is Ipomoea a beach morning glory?
Ipomoea pes-caprae is a sprawling vine found on beaches from Texas across to Florida and up to Georgia. The flowers look similar to morning glory, hence the name beach morning glory, but the foliage is much different. It makes an excellent ground cover, with evergreen leaves and a quick-growing nature. What is beach morning glory?