Bonsai trees are miniature trees grown in containers. With proper care these little trees can live for decades or even centuries. However, as the tree grows over time it will eventually outgrow its pot and need to be replanted. Replanting, also known as repotting, is an essential part of caring for a bonsai tree. This process allows the roots to grow unrestricted while also providing fresh soil and nutrients.
For beginner bonsai enthusiasts, replanting a tree may seem daunting. But with some basic knowledge and the right tools, anyone can learn how to replant a bonsai successfully. Here is a step-by-step guide to walk you through the replanting process.
When to Replant a Bonsai
The first step is determining if your bonsai needs replanting in the first place. There are a few signs that indicate it’s time for a new pot:
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Circling roots – If you see roots growing around the inside of the pot or even growing out of the drainage holes this is a clear sign of circling roots. The roots have run out of space to grow freely.
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Poor growth – If your bonsai is not producing new leaves or growth as usual, it could be pot-bound. Lack of nutrients and root space prevents growth.
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Top heavy – Your bonsai may start to lean or even fall over if the root system can no longer support the weight of the foliage above ground.
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Every 2-3 years – Younger bonsai need repotting more frequently, as often as every 1-2 years. Mature bonsai can go longer between replanting, usually every 4-5 years.
Ideally, replant in early spring before new growth occurs. This minimizes stress and gives the tree time to regenerate roots before summer. Avoid repotting in mid-summer or winter when the tree is not actively growing.
Supplies Needed
Replanting requires just a few basic tools:
- Bonsai scissors or concave cutters – for pruning roots
- Chopsticks or specialized rake – for removing old soil
- Bonsai wire – to secure tree in new pot
- Mesh screen – to cover drainage holes
- Fresh bonsai soil mix
You will also need the new bonsai pot. Choose one that is only slightly larger than the current size, usually 1-2 inches bigger across. A drastic jump in pot size can damage the root system. Make sure the new pot has drainage holes.
Step-by-Step Replanting Process
Follow these steps to successfully replant your bonsai tree:
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Remove the tree from its current pot. You may need to cut away wires holding it in place. Gently loosen the root ball.
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Carefully remove the old soil using chopsticks or a root rake. Try to keep the root system intact as much as possible.
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Prune back any large roots using bonsai scissors. Only remove up to 20-30% of the overall root mass.
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Prepare the new pot by lining the drainage holes with mesh screen. Secure with wire if needed.
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Partially fill the new pot with a layer of coarse soil or aggregate. This improves drainage.
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Place the tree into the pot. Arrange it aesthetically and wire it into place if needed.
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Fill in around the roots with fresh bonsai soil. Eliminate air pockets by pressing soil down firmly.
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Water thoroughly until soil is moist. Keep the tree sheltered for a few weeks as it re-establishes.
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Resume normal care, fertilizing, and watering schedules. Monitor for new growth.
Aftercare Tips
Be sure to provide extra care for your newly replanted bonsai:
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Keep the tree sheltered from harsh sun, wind, or weather shifts right after replanting.
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Water carefully and monitor soil moisture. Too much can cause root rot.
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Avoid fertilizing for a month to prevent chemical root burn.
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Prune back leaves/foliage by 1/3 to balance the reduced roots.
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Check for new growth often. Lack of growth can indicate transplant stress.
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Consider using rooting hormone to stimulate regrowth after replanting.
Replanting bonsai may seem difficult, but just follow this guide and take it step-by-step. With the right timing, tools, and aftercare, you can successfully replant your bonsai tree into a new pot. Regular repotting keeps bonsai trees healthy and optimized for continual beauty and enjoyment for years to come.
Should I put my bonsai in a bigger pot?
Not necessarily. Re-potting doesnt mean replace the pot, it really should be thought of as replacing the soil. Although most Bonsai trees and certainly Junipers will get bigger every year and a bigger pot will do it a lot of good, not only for the health of the plant but aesthetically too.
Why should I re-pot my bonsai?
A Bonsai tree lives in a very small world. Its entire earth is bound by the dimensions of a small bonsai pot can become root-bound pretty quickly. As a Bonsai tree grows, the root system takes the place of what used to be soil. (Thats right, it “used” it). A bonsai cannot thrive if it doesnt have a proportionate amount of soil. As new roots are produced, older roots become ineffective and should be pruned off.
Bonsai soil is course by design to increase drainage. That leaves behind a lot of built up not-so-great stuff in the soil. A build up of salts and minerals is common too. Replacing the soil is a quick way to fix a bonsai plants balance of pH and built up salts and chemicals.
Article you might like – An Introduction To Bonsai Soil
How to Repot a Bonsai tree
FAQ
What kind of soil does a Bonsai tree need?
Organic potting compost is made up of peat moss, perlite, and sand. On its own, it retains too much water and doesn’t allow for proper aeration and drainage, but as part of a soil mixture, it can work very well. Fine gravel / grit helps to create a well-draining and aerated Bonsai soil.
When should you not repot a Bonsai tree?
According to one source–Bonsai Empire–you should avoid replanting bonsai trees in summer or winter, but other sources indicate that indoor plants are less vulnerable to the changes in the season and will tolerate repotting at other, less ideal, times of year.
What is the rule of 3 in bonsai trees?
Here’s the general rule to follow: Build the structure of a bonsai by laying out its branches beginning with three principal branches. These are the first branch, the second and the third. One of them — the second or the third — will be placed at the rear.
How do you repot a bonsai tree?
Be sure to select a bonsai-specific soil mix suitable for your tree species. You can also create your own and discover the optimal ratio of components for your tree. Repotting Too Often: Avoid repotting your bonsai too frequently, as this can stress the tree. Stick to the recommended repotting intervals for your tree’s age and species.
Do bonsai trees need repotting?
Soil Refreshment: Over time, the soil in your bonsai pot breaks down, becoming compacted and depleted of essential nutrients. Repotting allows you to refresh the soil, providing your tree with the nutrients and aeration it needs to flourish. Root Maintenance: Bonsai trees, like all plants, require healthy root systems.
When should I re-pot my bonsai tree?
You won’t really know until you look at the roots, but most bonsai trees are re-potted every February. They can be potted again if needed during the growing season. If you can take the tree out of its pot and the root ball comes out in one piece, then it ‘it’s time to re-pot it. Should I put my bonsai in a bigger pot? Not necessarily.