The hazelnut tree, scientifically known as Corylus, stands tall and proud, its branches laden with vibrant green leaves that rustle in the wind, whispering secrets of the ages. This tree is renowned for its medium-sized stature, reaching up to 20 feet, creating an enchanting forest canopy. The leaves are broad, heart-shaped, and exude a fresh, earthy aroma. In spring, it dons delicate catkins, showcasing nature’s artistry at its best. But the real treasures lie within its branches – hazelnuts encased in a hard shell, hiding the rich, buttery goodness within.
Hazelnut trees, diverse in their traits, offer a fascinating array of types. The most common species include Corylus avellana, Corylus americana, and Corylus colurna. Each species possesses unique characteristics, from the size of the nuts to the shape of the leaves. Some hazelnut trees boast smooth, silvery bark, while others showcase a rugged, textured exterior reminiscent of ancient wisdom etched in wood. Nature has sculpted these trees with meticulous care, making each hazelnut tree a testament to the wonders of evolution.
Hazelnut trees find their roots in various corners of the world. They flourish in North America, Europe, and Asia, adorning landscapes with lush foliage and bountiful nuts. Historically, hazelnuts have held significant cultural importance. In ancient Celtic traditions, these nuts symbolized wisdom and inspiration, while Greek mythology often linked them to divine knowledge. Native Americans revered hazelnuts for their nutritional value, incorporating them into their diets and medicinal practices. These cultural echoes continue to resonate today, making hazelnut trees not just botanical wonders but also carriers of cultural heritage.
Apart from their cultural significance, hazelnut trees offer a plethora of practical uses. The nuts harvested from these trees serve as culinary delights, enriching dishes with their nutty flavor. From decadent desserts like chocolate hazelnut spread to wholesome salads adorned with roasted hazelnuts, these versatile nuts add a delightful crunch to various recipes. Moreover, hazelnuts are rich in protein, healthy fats, and essential nutrients, making them a valuable addition to a balanced diet. They not only tantalize the taste buds but also nourish the body, making them a favorite among health-conscious individuals.
As a master gardener, I’ll share my extensive knowledge about hazelnut trees in this guide, covering their intriguing characteristics, types, native habitats, and practical applications. Get ready to explore the wonders of these remarkable trees and discover the secrets hidden within their branches.
Hazelnut trees are a delightful addition to any landscape. Their multi-season appeal wildlife benefits, and tasty nuts make them a joy to grow. If you’ve ever wondered what hazelnut trees look like throughout the year, this article provides a complete visual guide.
Spring
In early to mid spring (February to March), hazelnut trees begin flowering. The male flowers emerge first as 2-3 inch yellow catkins dangling from bare branches. They release pollen into the air for wind dispersal.
The tiny female flowers emerge later. These small, inconspicuous flowers have a small red pistil. They will develop into hazelnuts if pollinated by the male catkins.
During spring, hazelnut trees have an open, delicate look. The branches are just starting to be decorated with the hanging catkins. Leaves have not yet appeared.
By late spring (April to May), the leaves begin emerging. They start out light green and fuzzy. The leaves are oval shaped with pointy tips. As the leaves reach full size, the overall shape becomes fuller.
Summer
In summer (June to August), hazelnut trees are at their lushest. The leaves turn dark green, providing dappled shade. The female flowers from spring have developed into small green nut clusters about 1 inch long. They are wrapped in a frilly, leafy husk.
The tiny nuts continue swelling throughout summer By late summer, they start turning brown as they reach maturity The summer canopy is full and leafy, with the developing nut clusters adding visual interest.
Fall
In fall (September to November), hazelnut trees transform with seasonal change. The leaves turn brilliant shades of yellow, orange, and red before dropping to the ground. The nut clusters ripen to a rich brown color and begin dropping from the branches.
The nuts easily separate from the husks when ripe. You may see some dried husks clinging to bare branches, providing continued autumn interest after leaf drop.
Winter
In winter (December to February), hazelnut trees are dormant with an open, bare branching structure. The buds for next year’s growth are visible on branch tips. Occasional leftover husks add subtle winter appeal.
While understated compared to other seasons, winter reveals the graceful form and branching habit. Hazelnut trees make a statement even without the leaves.
Mature Size and Shape
Instead of a single trunk, mature hazelnut trees have multiple stems arising from the base. This gives them a rounded, spreading shrubby shape.
Mature hazelnut trees reach 15-20 feet tall and 10 feet wide. The multi-stemmed suckering habit makes them ideal for hedgerows, borders, and naturalized areas. They grow at a rate of 1-2 feet per year.
Bark and Wood
Young hazelnut bark is smooth and grayish-brown. As trees mature, the bark develops small fissures and cracks, taking on a scaly, flaky appearance.
The wood is extremely flexible and bendable. Historically, hazel wood was used for wicker items, plant supports, basket weaving, and more. The pliability also makes it well-suited for coppicing.
Wildlife Benefits
Hazelnut trees provide food and habitat for a variety of wildlife. Woodpeckers, jays, pigeons, tits, and squirrels feast on the nuts. Deer and rabbits browse the twigs and foliage.
The catkins are an early spring pollen source for bees and other pollinators. Thickets of hazel provide nesting sites for birds. And the nuts are favored by hazel dormice, hence their name.
Growing Tips
- Plant in full sun to partial shade
- Prefers moist, well-drained soil
- Tolerates a range of soil pH
- Cold hardy
- Plant at least two for cross-pollination
- Can sucker and spread
To sum up, hazelnut trees transition through unique seasonal phases:
- Spring – dangling catkins with new fuzzy leaves
- Summer – leafy canopy with developing nut clusters
- Fall – changing leaf colors and ripening nut clusters
- Winter – bare, graceful branching structure
Their multi-stemmed form matures into a medium-sized tree reaching 15-20 feet tall and 10 feet wide. Hazelnut trees make a hardy, low-maintenance addition to landscapes while attracting wildlife. Their appealing traits through the seasons add beauty and valuable nutrients to any garden.
How to Plant Hazelnut Tree From Seed
Planting a hazelnut tree from seed is a rewarding venture, allowing you to witness the growth of a magnificent tree from a tiny seed. Follow these steps to nurture your hazelnut seed into a flourishing tree that will grace your garden for years.
European Hazelnut (Corylus avellana var. pontica)
The European Hazelnut, a specific variety within the Corylus avellana species, is renowned for its high-quality nuts. Originating in Europe, these hazelnut trees have a long history of cultivation. They produce nuts with a distinct, rich flavor and are widely used in European cuisine. European Hazelnuts thrive in temperate climates and well-drained soil, making them a sought-after choice for commercial and home cultivation.
Why You Need Native Hazelnuts on Your Property!
FAQ
How do you identify a hazelnut tree?
Look out for: leaves which are soft to the touch as a result of the downy hairs on the underside. Hazel is often coppiced. Identified in winter by: its nuts, which are each held in a short, leafy husk which encloses about three quarters of the nut. Small, green catkins can be present in autumn.
Can you eat the nuts from a hazel tree?
Most ripe nuts are found in September and October, depending on the weather. To become edible for humans, the nuts have to grow to full maturity and dry out a bit. Once the papery outer covering starts pulling back from the nut, the hazels are safe to eat.
What does a full grown hazelnut tree look like?
Mature Height: American hazelnut typically reaches a height of 8-16 ft (2-5 m) and features multiple stems. The crown is rounded with a spread ranging from 10 to 15 feet. It generally exhibits a rapid growth rate (Missouri Botanical Garden).
Do you need two hazelnut trees to get nuts?
Yes, you generally need at least two hazelnut trees for pollination and nut production. Hazelnut trees are not self-pollinating, meaning they need pollen from a different tree to produce nuts.