Traditionally used to maintain healthy pulmonary systems, including moistening mucous membranes and as a soothing agent to support healthy throats, bronchi and lungs. Also used as a dye plant for colors ranging from yellow to grey.
Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) is a common biennial herb that has been used medicinally for centuries. It is native to Europe, northern Africa and Asia but has naturalized across North America. The yellow flowers of mullein give way to seed pods that contain an abundance of tiny seeds that can be collected and used to propagate more mullein plants or make herbal preparations. This comprehensive guide provides tips on when and how to harvest mullein seeds.
When to Collect Mullein Seeds
Timing is crucial when collecting mullein seeds. The seeds ripen inside seed pods that develop after the flowers finish blooming.
The ideal time to harvest mullein seeds is when the seed pods turn brown and start to feel dry and brittle. This indicates the seeds are mature. Picking too early means the seeds will not be viable. Waiting too long runs the risk that pods may burst open, scattering the seeds.
In most regions, mullein seeds are ready for collection in mid to late summer. This is typically August-September but can vary slightly based on your local growing conditions.
Check the pods frequently as they start to ripen to identify the perfect window for harvesting. Gently shake the pods and collect when you hear the seeds rattling inside the dried pods.
How to Harvest Mullein Seed Pods
Collecting mullein seeds starts with harvesting the entire dried seed pods from the plants. Here are some tips for the harvesting process:
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Use gardening snips or scissors to cut off mature brown pods without crushing them. Leave some stem attached to each pod.
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Handle pods gently to avoid spilling any seeds. Place directly into paper bags or envelopes.
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Harvest in the morning after dew has dried to prevent mold growth.
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Aim to collect pods on a dry, sunny day to allow for quick drying.
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Cut pods over a bucket or tray to catch any seeds that spill during harvesting.
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Expect to harvest around 100-300 seed pods per mullein plant
If some pods are still greenish, they can continue ripening indoors. Lay pods in a single layer on paper towels and allow to dry for 1-2 more weeks.
Extracting and Cleaning Mullein Seeds
Once fully dried, the brittle mullein pods will split open easily. To extract the seeds:
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Gently crush dried pods and rub between your hands over a bowl to release seeds.
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Use fingers to pry pods open if needed to remove any remaining seeds stuck inside.
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Break apart clumps and separate out seeds from pod debris.
To clean mullein seeds, put them through a fine mesh strainer or sieve and shake gently to allow dust and debris to fall through the holes while the seeds remain on top. Seeds can also be winnowed by pouring back and forth between two bowls in front of a fan to blow away chaff.
Expect a yield of up to several tablespoons of seeds per plant. Five to ten plants will give you an abundant mullein seed supply.
Storing Mullein Seeds
With proper storage, mullein seeds can remain viable for use for 3-4 years or longer. Here are some tips for storing your collected seeds:
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Place seeds in small glass jars or envelopes sealed tightly to keep out moisture and pests. Avoid plastic containers that can trap moisture.
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Store containers in a cool, dry place away from direct light, like the refrigerator or freezer.
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Adding a packet of silica gel desiccant can help absorb any residual moisture in stored seeds.
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Label containers with the seed name and year collected.
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Inspect seeds occasionally and discard any that appear molded or rotten.
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Add newly harvested seeds each year to maintain seed viability.
Uses for Mullein Seeds
Mullein seeds have a variety of uses once collected. Here are some of the most popular ways to use your harvested mullein seeds:
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Growing more mullein plants – Seeds can be direct sown outdoors in fall or started indoors and transplanted after the last frost.
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Medicinal preparations – Infuse seeds in oil to make mullein ear drops or create mullein tea or tinctures.
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Dyeing – Mullein seeds can produce yellow or brown natural dyes.
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Smoking blends – Some herbalists use dried mullein seeds as a tobacco substitute.
With its tall flowering stalks covered in yellow blossoms and abundant seed production, mullein is a rewarding medicinal and ornamental plant for any garden. Learning how to properly harvest and store mullein seeds ensures you will have an ongoing supply of this useful herb. Time your seed collection to take advantage of peak ripeness and follow tips for gentle handling, drying, cleaning and storage. In no time you’ll have ample mullein seeds ready for propagation and herbal preparations.
How to Grow Mullein from Seed
Choose a site with full sun-partial shade. Mullein is tolerant of a wide variety of soils, including dry, gravelly areas. Drought and heat tolerant.
Mullein seeds germinate best when exposed to a period of cold, moist conditions (cold stratification). Direct sow mullein seed outdoors in fall where they will germinate the following spring. Seed can also be started indoors in spring 6 weeks before the last frost. If started indoors, cold stratify seeds in a refrigerator for 4-6 weeks prior to planting. Mullein seeds require light to germinate. Sow seeds 8-12″ apart on the soil surface and press lightly to settle. Seeds will sprout in 12-15 days. Transplant seedlings outdoors once danger of frost has passed. Thin seedlings so that mature plants are 20-24″ apart.
All parts of the mullein plant are used in traditional medicine. Harvest roots in the first fall or following spring with a garden fork. Leaves can be hand pulled at any time during the growing season. Harvest flowers when in full bloom. Cut the upper 3-6″ of the flower stalk. Parts can be used fresh or dry.
To dry mullein, choose a warm dry location and thoroughly dry parts before storing in a paper bag or glass container. Keep in a cool, dry location.
Mullein Harvesting, Processing, & Medicinal Recipes || Medicinal Herbs
FAQ
Is mullein hard to grow from seed?
Mullein typically grows best in USDA hardiness zones 3-9. This plant does grow wild in the United States and Canada. You can grow it in almost any type of soil, it does require moist soil when growing from seed. If starting indoors, scatter them on the top of your seed starting mix and lightly cover them with soil.
How do you harvest mullein for lungs?
In a pinch, the leaves can be harvested from a plant with a flower stalk. When foraging for mullein leaves, take a few from a single plant, leaving plenty to ensure the continued life of the plant. You can dry mullein leaves by cutting an entire stalk and hanging it upside down out of the direct sun to dry.
How do you propagate a mullein plant?
The best way to propagate mullein is from seeds. Start plants from seed indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost in spring or sow seeds directly in the garden after the danger of frost has passed. Scatter the seeds over the soil surface and do not cover; they need light to germinate. Keep the soil evenly moist.
How do you propagate mullein?
In hot climates, the plants are susceptible to spider mites and you might find caterpillars feeding on the foliage. The best way to propagate mullein is from seeds. Start plants from seed indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost in spring or sow seeds directly in the garden after the danger of frost has passed.
How to harvest mullein seeds?
So, let’s get started on this exciting journey of mullein seed harvesting. Harvesting mullein seeds requires patience and careful observation. Identifying mature plants, gathering the right tools, and selecting the proper timing are crucial for successful seed collection. Approach seed harvesting with respect for nature.
Why is harvesting mullein seeds important?
Harvesting its seeds is important because it allows you to grow more mullein plants and continue to benefit from its uses. Q When is the best time to harvest mullein seeds? The best time to harvest mullein seeds is in the late summer or early fall when the seeds have fully ripened and turned a dark brown color.